Action Class

Action Class:

                  An Action class in the struts application extends Struts 'org.apache.struts.action.Action" Class. Action class acts as wrapper around the business logic and provides an inteface to the application's Model layer. It acts as glue between the View and Model layer. It also transfers the data from the view layer to the specific business process layer and finally returns the procssed data from business layer to the view layer.

                 An Action works as an adapter between the contents of an incoming HTTP request and the business logic that corresponds to it. Then the struts controller (ActionServlet) slects an appropriate Action and creates an instance if necessary, and finally calls execute method.

                 To use the Action, we need to  Subclass and overwrite the execute() method. In the Action Class don't add the business process logic, instead move the database and business process logic to the process.

Developing our Action Class?

Our Action class (TestAction.java) is simple class that only forwards the TestAction.jsp. Our Action class returns the ActionForward  called "testAction", which is defined in the struts-config.xml file (action mapping is show later in this page). Here is code of our Action Class:

TestAction.java

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.apache.struts.action.Action;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;

public class TestAction extends Action
{
  public ActionForward execute(
  ActionMapping mapping,
  ActionForm form,
  HttpServletRequest request,
  HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception{
  return mapping.findForward("testAction");
  }
}

Understanding Action Class
Action Class process the specified HTTP request, and create the corresponding HTTP response (or forward to another web component that will create it), with provision for handling exceptions thrown by the business logic. Return an ActionForward instance describing where and how control should be forwarded, or null if the response has already been completed.
Parameters:

mapping - The ActionMapping used to select this instance

form - The optional ActionForm bean for this request (if any)

request - The HTTP request we are processing

response - The HTTP response we are creating

Throws:

Action class throws java.lang.Exception - if the application business logic throws an exception

Adding the Action Mapping in the struts-config.xmlTo test the application we will add a link in the index.jsp
<html:link page="/TestAction.do">Test the Action</html:link>

 <action
      path="/TestAction">
            <forward name="testAction" path="/pages/TestAction.jsp"/>
   </action>